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第一集:一文掌握《淋巴造血系统肿瘤标记物》的应用
淋巴瘤诊断基本思路及免疫组化标记抗体选择(上)
TdT(末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶)
Expressionpattern:nuclear
Maindiagnosticuse:B-andT-ALL
Expressioninothertumors/p>
AML,CML,
Merkelcellcarcinoma
Expressioninnormalcells/p>
B-andT-cellprecursors,corticalthymocytes
Positivecontrol/p>
ALL
DiagnosticApproach/p>
①Terminaldeoxynucleotidyltransferase(TdT)isaDNAnuclearpolymerase,catalyzingthetemplate-independentpolymerizationofdeoxynucleotidyltriphosphatestodouble-strandedgenesegmentDNA.
②TdTismainlyexpressedinprecursorsofB-andT-lymphocytes.Therefore,antibodiestoTdTarespecificmarkersforprecursorcelllymphomasofT-andB-cellorigin,namely,acutelymphoblasticleukemia.
DiagnosticPitfalls/p>
①ItisimportanttoconsiderthatTdTmaybepositiveinsometypesofacutemyeloidleukemiaespeciallyminimallydifferentiatedAML(M0)andblastcrisisofchronicmyeloidleukemia(CML).
②Furthermore,theTdTexpressionischaracteristicfortheimmatureT-lymphocytesassociatedwiththethymomatypesA,B,andABbutnotthymiccarcinoma.
③TdTisalsopositiveinalargepercentageofMerkelcellcarcinoma,whichmaybealsopositiveforPAX-5[4,5].
表达模式:细胞核
主要诊断用途:B和T-ALL
在其他肿瘤中的表达:
急性髓系白血病、慢性髓系白血病、Merkel细胞癌
正常细胞中的表达:
前体B和T细胞,皮质胸腺细胞
阳性对照:
急性淋巴细胞白血病
诊断方法:
①末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶(TdT)是一种DNA核聚合酶,催化脱氧核苷酸三磷酸非模板依赖性聚合成双链基因片段DNA。
②TdT主要在前体B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞中表达。因此,TdT抗体是前体T细胞和B细胞来源的淋巴瘤,即急性淋巴细胞白血病的特异性标记物。
诊断陷阱:
①重要的是要考虑到,在某些类型的AML中,尤其是最低分化AML(M0)和慢性髓系白血病急变期(慢粒),TdT可能是阳性的。
②此外,TdT表达是与胸腺瘤A、B和AB型相关的未成熟T淋巴细胞的特征,但不是胸腺癌。
③TdT在大部分Merkel细胞癌中也是阳性表达,这些病例也可能表达PAX-5[4,5]。
CD10(CALLA)
Expressionpattern:membranous/cytoplasmic
Maindiagnosticuse:
Burkittlymphoma,
acutelymphoblasticlymphoma/leukemia,angioimmunoblasticT-celllymphoma,
endometrialstromaltumors,
renalcellcarcinoma
Expressioninothertumors:
Follicularlymphoma,
plasmacellneoplasms,
hepatocellularcarcinoma,
transitionalcellcarcinoma,
colorectaladenocarcinoma,
prostaticcarcinoma,
melanoma,
placentalsitetrophoblastictumor,choriocarcinoma,
myofibroblastoma,
mesothelioma,
rhabdomyosar